循證醫(yī)學(xué)是指認(rèn)真、明確和明智地應(yīng)用現(xiàn)有的最好證據(jù),同時(shí)結(jié)合醫(yī)生的個(gè)人專(zhuān)業(yè)技能和臨床經(jīng)驗(yàn),考慮病人的愿望,對(duì)患者做出醫(yī)療決策.因此證據(jù)及其質(zhì)量是循證醫(yī)學(xué)的關(guān)鍵.本文旨在系統(tǒng)介紹證據(jù)的來(lái)源和如何檢索證據(jù),為衛(wèi)生健康工作者的循證醫(yī)學(xué)實(shí)踐提供服務(wù)和幫助.
通過(guò)TRIP和SUM search,檢索MEDLINE和Cochrane圖書(shū)館,獲得治療晚期帕金森病長(zhǎng)期美多巴治療后合并開(kāi)-關(guān)現(xiàn)象、異動(dòng)癥以及伴抑郁的證椐,并對(duì)這些證據(jù)進(jìn)行了評(píng)價(jià).據(jù)所獲證據(jù),結(jié)合醫(yī)生的經(jīng)驗(yàn)及病人的愿望制定了循證治療方案,患者癥狀得到明顯緩解.
目的 了解高壓氧(hyperbaric oxygen)的臨床應(yīng)用現(xiàn)狀,并對(duì)其治療證據(jù)進(jìn)行總結(jié)和評(píng)價(jià)。方法 計(jì)算機(jī)檢索Cochrane圖書(shū)館(2006年第2期),MEDLINE (1980~2006)、中國(guó)生物醫(yī)學(xué)文獻(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)(CBM,1982~2006)和中文期刊全文數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)(1989~2006),查找相關(guān)的系統(tǒng)評(píng)價(jià)、Meta分析和隨機(jī)對(duì)照試驗(yàn),并對(duì)納入文獻(xiàn)進(jìn)行質(zhì)量評(píng)價(jià)和總結(jié)分析。結(jié)果 共檢索到高壓氧治療多種疾病療效的系統(tǒng)評(píng)價(jià)13篇,其中12篇為Cochrane系統(tǒng)評(píng)價(jià)。結(jié)果提示高壓氧對(duì)急性冠狀動(dòng)脈綜合征、缺血性腦卒中、多發(fā)性硬化、惡性外耳炎及突發(fā)性感覺(jué)神經(jīng)性耳聾、耳鳴等疾病具有一定的治療作用,并能促進(jìn)慢性傷口愈合,減輕放射損傷。結(jié)論 高壓氧對(duì)多種疾病都有一定的療效,但由于目前相關(guān)RCT的樣本量較小,其確切療效及安全性尚待更多設(shè)計(jì)嚴(yán)格的多中心、大樣本RCTs進(jìn)一步證實(shí)。
【摘要】 目的 了解成都市社區(qū)居民腦卒中的流行病學(xué)特征,為腦卒中預(yù)防、干預(yù)提供科學(xué)依據(jù)?!》椒ā〔捎谜弘S機(jī)抽樣方法抽取成都市2個(gè)社區(qū)。對(duì)132 303人采用前瞻性的熱追蹤,搜集社區(qū)中腦卒中發(fā)病及死亡人群。 結(jié)果 2008年腦卒中發(fā)病率、死亡率分別為217.68/10萬(wàn)、49.13/10萬(wàn),2009年發(fā)病率、死亡率分別為239.60/10萬(wàn)、41.57/10萬(wàn),2008年—2009年標(biāo)化發(fā)病率216.01/10萬(wàn),標(biāo)化死亡率43.61/10萬(wàn)。缺血性腦卒中患者構(gòu)成比最高,占半數(shù)以上。發(fā)病率隨年齡增長(zhǎng)而增高(χ2=1 095.11,Plt;0.001),男女發(fā)病率差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(χ2=2.367,P=0.124)?!〗Y(jié)論 成都市社區(qū)居民發(fā)病率與我國(guó)平均水平相當(dāng),死亡率略低于我國(guó)平均水平。【Abstract】 Objective To explore the epidemiologic features of cerebral apoplexy in community of Chengdu, and to provide references for intervention and prevention of cerebral apoplexy. Methods Two communitis in Chengdu were selected by randomized cluster sampling method. The morbidity and mortality in 132 303 people were calculated by prospective tracing. Results The annual incidence was 217.68 per 100 000, and the annual mortality was 49.13 per 100 000 in 2008. The annual incidence was 239.60 per 100 000, and the annual mortality was 41.57 per 100 000 in 2009. The age-standardized incidence was 216.01 per 100 000, and the age-standardized mortality was 43.61 per 100 000 in the two years. Ischemic cerebral apoplexy exceeded half of all and had a highest constituent ratio. The incidence Increased with the age (χ2=1 095.11, Plt;0.001), while there was no significant difference between the male and female (χ2=2.367, P=0.124). Conclusion The incidence of cerebral apoplexy in Chengdu City is similar to the average incidence of our country, and the mortality is lower than that of the average mortality.